I'm confused. That's an anti-Malthusian title to what looks like a resignedly Malthusian essay. Am I misreading?

FWIW, I believe Malthus would eventually be right. He just underestimate our ability to get food out of the earth, both in terms of what we eat and how we obtain it. But eventually, the law of diminishing returns will rear its ugly head.

Wealthy populations may in fact stop growing as they find the cost of having more than a replacement's worth of children prohibitive. But, as the saying goes, the rich get richer and the poor get babies. It costs a lot less to rear a poor kid than a rich one, and those kids - the boys, at least - are economic assets. Prosperity is the only non-violent solution to overpopulation. So, violence it is.