Well, there is rarely only one cause for anything. But Islam is remarkable in that it comes with its own legal system that governs business affairs. The Catholics and the Muslims have a problem with interest that I think really hindered their economic development. I remember reading R.H. Tawney's Religion and the Rise of Capitalism in college. The book is available online. Here is one paragraph:

Not the least fundamental of divisions among theories of society is between those which regard the world of human affairs as self-contained, and those which appeal to a supernatural criterion.

I think that points to how Islam thwarts prosperity very nicely.